Find the hostname behind an IP address, and see whether the forward and reverse lookups actually match.
Receiving servers distrust a sending IP with no PTR, or one whose PTR does not match forward. It is one of the oldest reputation signals still in use.
It is the lookup from an IP address to a hostname, using a PTR record, the opposite direction of a normal lookup.
Receiving servers distrust senders whose IP has no PTR or whose PTR does not match. Matching forward and reverse DNS improves deliverability.